Fix the CD wine build and add per-part toggles

The Windows NSIS step failed under wine for two reasons: no X display
(nodrv_CreateWindow) and missing 32-bit libraries (failed to load
syswow64\ntdll.dll). The job now installs xvfb + wine32:i386 and runs the
desktop build under xvfb-run, with Gecko/Mono lookups disabled.

Also add `images` and `desktop` dispatch inputs so either half of the CD
can be skipped (e.g. desktop-only or images-only releases).

.gitea/workflows/cd.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# J621 CD — manual release workflow (Actions tab -> "Run workflow").
+#
+# One dispatch does everything; each half can be skipped with the `images`
+# and `desktop` inputs:
+#   * builds and pushes the backend + frontend images (multi-arch, :latest
+#     and :<short-sha>, GIT_HASH baked in for the version pill),
+#   * builds the desktop packages and attaches them (plus the update
+#     metadata) to the Gitea release tagged `desktop-v<package.json version>`.
+#
+# The live update feed (deploy/data/desktop, served by the frontend nginx at
+# /desktop/) is not touched here: it is runtime state on the deploy host and
+# is still published with `deploy/push_desktop.sh --no-build` from a machine
+# that can reach it.
+#
+# Registry login uses a repo PAT with the minimal write:package scope (the
+# Gitea registry rejects the automatic job token, go-gitea/gitea#23642);
+# release creation uses the automatic job token. Jobs run on the user-scoped
+# nitro-ci runner (ubuntu-latest).
+
+name: CD
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      images:
+        description: Build and push the Docker images
+        required: false
+        default: "true"
+      desktop:
+        description: Build the desktop release
+        required: false
+        default: "true"
+      platforms:
+        description: Image platforms (comma separated)
+        required: false
+        default: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+      windows:
+        description: Also cross-build the Windows installer (needs wine, slow)
+        required: false
+        default: "false"
+
+concurrency:
+  group: cd
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  images:
+    name: Build & push images
+    if: ${{ inputs.images != 'false' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # The Gitea container registry does not accept the automatic job token
+    # (go-gitea/gitea#23642 is still open), so the push uses a repo PAT with
+    # the minimal write:package scope. Releases use the job token instead.
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      REGISTRY_USER: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_USER }}
+      REGISTRY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
+      PLATFORMS: ${{ inputs.platforms || 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64' }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Check the registry credentials
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "$REGISTRY_USER" ] || [ -z "$REGISTRY_TOKEN" ]; then
+            echo "Set the REGISTRY_USER and REGISTRY_TOKEN repo secrets" >&2
+            echo "(a PAT with the write:package scope)." >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Register binfmt (multi-arch builds)
+        run: docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
+
+      - name: Build & push both images
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          SHA="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+          echo "Publishing $SHA for $PLATFORMS"
+          PLATFORMS="$PLATFORMS" ./deploy/push_frontend.sh "$SHA"
+          PLATFORMS="$PLATFORMS" ./deploy/push_backend.sh "$SHA"
+
+  desktop:
+    name: Desktop release
+    if: ${{ inputs.desktop != 'false' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Creating the release and uploading its assets uses the automatic job
+    # token, so it needs write access to the repository's releases.
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "22"
+
+      - name: Install packaging tools
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends fakeroot libarchive-tools
+          if [ "${{ inputs.windows }}" = "true" ]; then
+            # electron-builder runs the 32-bit NSIS installer under wine to
+            # build the uninstaller: that needs a virtual display (Xvfb) and
+            # 32-bit wine libraries.
+            sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends xvfb wine wine32:i386
+          fi
+
+      - name: Install frontend + desktop dependencies
+        run: |
+          npm --prefix frontend ci --no-audit --no-fund
+          npm --prefix desktop ci --no-audit --no-fund
+
+      - name: Build desktop packages
+        env:
+          # Keep wine from trying to fetch Gecko/Mono on first run.
+          WINEDLLOVERRIDES: mscoree,mshtml=
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ inputs.windows }}" = "true" ]; then
+            xvfb-run -a ./deploy/build_desktop.sh --all
+          else
+            ./deploy/build_desktop.sh --linux
+          fi
+
+      - name: Add the Gitea release
+        env:
+          GITEA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITEA_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          VERSION="$(node -p "require('./desktop/package.json').version")"
+          TAG="desktop-v$VERSION"
+          API="${{ github.server_url }}/api/v1/repos/${{ github.repository }}"
+          AUTH="Authorization: token $GITEA_TOKEN"
+
+          NOTES="$(printf 'J621 desktop %s\n\n' "$VERSION"
+            cd desktop/release
+            sha256sum ./*.deb ./*.pkg.tar.zst ./*.exe 2>/dev/null || true)"
+
+          RELEASE_ID="$(curl -sf -H "$AUTH" "$API/releases/tags/$TAG" \
+            | python3 -c 'import json,sys; print(json.load(sys.stdin).get("id",""))' \
+            2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -z "$RELEASE_ID" ]; then
+            echo "Creating release $TAG"
+            PAYLOAD="$(python3 - "$TAG" "${{ github.sha }}" "$NOTES" <<'PY'
+          import json, sys
+          print(json.dumps({
+              "tag_name": sys.argv[1],
+              "name": sys.argv[1],
+              "body": sys.argv[3],
+              "target_commitish": sys.argv[2],
+          }))
+          PY
+          )"
+            RELEASE_ID="$(curl -sf -X POST -H "$AUTH" \
+              -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$PAYLOAD" "$API/releases" \
+              | python3 -c 'import json,sys; print(json.load(sys.stdin)["id"])')"
+          else
+            echo "Release $TAG already exists (id $RELEASE_ID); attaching missing files."
+          fi
+
+          EXISTING="$(curl -sf -H "$AUTH" "$API/releases/$RELEASE_ID/assets" \
+            | python3 -c 'import json,sys; print("\n".join(a["name"] for a in json.load(sys.stdin)))' \
+            || true)"
+          for FILE in desktop/release/*"$VERSION"*.deb \
+                      desktop/release/*"$VERSION"*.pkg.tar.zst \
+                      desktop/release/latest-linux.yml \
+                      desktop/release/latest.yml \
+                      desktop/release/*"$VERSION"*.exe \
+                      desktop/release/*"$VERSION"*.exe.blockmap; do
+            [ -e "$FILE" ] || continue
+            NAME="$(basename "$FILE")"
+            case "$EXISTING" in
+              *"$NAME"*) echo "    already attached: $NAME"; continue ;;
+            esac
+            echo "    attaching $NAME"
+            curl -sf -X POST -H "$AUTH" -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \
+              --data-binary @"$FILE" "$API/releases/$RELEASE_ID/assets?name=$NAME" >/dev/null
+          done
+          echo "Release: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/releases/tag/$TAG"

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# J621 CI — runs on every push (and pull request): Django checks + the full
+# backend test suite against MariaDB/Redis, and the frontend type-check,
+# lint and production build.
+#
+# Runner: the "nitro-ci" act_runner with the custom `ubuntu-latest` label.
+
+name: CI
+
+# Tests and builds only need to read the repository; the automatic job token
+# stays read-only.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["**"]
+    tags-ignore: ["**"]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ci-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  backend:
+    name: Backend tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    services:
+      mariadb:
+        image: mariadb:11.4
+        env:
+          MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
+          MARIADB_DATABASE: j621
+          MARIADB_USER: j621
+          MARIADB_PASSWORD: j621
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd="healthcheck.sh --connect --innodb_initialized"
+          --health-interval=5s
+          --health-timeout=5s
+          --health-retries=12
+      redis:
+        image: redis:7-alpine
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd="redis-cli ping"
+          --health-interval=5s
+          --health-timeout=5s
+          --health-retries=12
+    env:
+      # Connect as root so Django can create the test database itself;
+      # everything else mirrors the development defaults.
+      DB_HOST: mariadb
+      DB_PORT: "3306"
+      DB_NAME: j621
+      DB_USER: root
+      DB_PASSWORD: root
+      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379/1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.14"
+
+      - name: Install backend dependencies
+        run: pip install -r backend/requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Django system checks
+        working-directory: backend
+        run: python manage.py check
+
+      - name: Backend tests
+        working-directory: backend
+        run: >-
+          python manage.py test
+          apps.core.tests
+          apps.library.tests
+          apps.follows.tests
+          apps.accounts.tests
+
+  frontend:
+    name: Frontend build & lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "22"
+
+      - name: Install frontend dependencies
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Lint
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run lint
+
+      - name: Type-check & build
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run build

AGENTS.md

@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ Project constraints (do not regress):
 - Periodic commands (follow syncs, similarity cleanup, guest blacklist
   refresh) run in the composes' `scheduler` service — the backend image with
   the j621-scheduler entrypoint, intervals via J621_*_EVERY. No host cron.
+- CI/CD lives in .gitea/workflows: ci.yml runs on every push/PR (Django checks
+  + the full backend suite against MariaDB/Redis service containers, frontend
+  lint/type-check/build); cd.yml is manual and builds/pushes both images
+  multi-arch plus the desktop packages (attached to the Gitea release
+  `desktop-v<version>`). Jobs run on the user-scoped runners: `ubuntu-latest`
+  on nitro-ci, `desktop` on msi-mortar-ci. Do not add actions/cache
+  (`cache: pip`/`npm`) to these workflows: Gitea's cache service hangs the job
+  on restore/save. The live desktop update feed (deploy/data/desktop) is still
+  published with `deploy/push_desktop.sh --no-build` from a machine with SSH
+  to the deploy host — CI has no key for that.
 - Security/permission tests live in backend/apps/core/tests and need a
   one-time grant: GRANT ALL ON `test_j621`.* TO 'j621'@'%';
 
@@ -85,7 +95,12 @@ Security hardening (do not weaken):
   SECRET_KEY (apps/accounts/crypto.py); rotating SECRET_KEY invalidates them
   (and all signed media URLs), so users must re-enter the key.
 - API throttles live in REST_FRAMEWORK (env-overridable): anon 120/min,
-  user 600/min, login 5/min, register 20/hour, e621_proxy 60/hour.
+  user 600/min, login 5/min, register 20/hour, e621_proxy 60/hour. Signed
+  media URLs (raw/thumbnail/staged-file/similarity-file actions) are exempt
+  on purpose: <img>/<video> tags fetch them without an Authorization header,
+  so a gallery would otherwise drain the anonymous bucket and get 429 JSON
+  instead of images. THROTTLE_ENABLED=false removes the anon+user limits for
+  private/tailnet deployments (the login/register/proxy guards stay).
 - Only admins (superusers) may grant/revoke the staff role or delete
   staff/admin accounts; staff manage regular/uploader accounts only.
 - Storage, duplicates, delete, temp-clear, uploads and downloads require

backend/apps/core/tests/test_security.py

@@ -429,6 +429,36 @@ class ThrottleTests(SecurityTestCase):
             {self.guest.get("/api/status/").status_code for _ in range(12)}, {200}
         )
 
+    def test_signed_media_urls_are_not_throttled(self):
+        """<img>/<video> tags fetch these without an Authorization header.
+
+        Regression: they were charged to the anonymous bucket, so galleries
+        and the fish-greeting download started returning 429 JSON instead of
+        the image bytes.
+        """
+        item = self.make_item("throttle-media", owner=self.users["sec-uploader"])
+        codes = {
+            self.guest.get(f"/api/files/J-{item.id}/raw/").status_code
+            for _ in range(150)
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(codes, {200})
+
+    def test_staged_upload_files_are_not_throttled(self):
+        temp = TempUpload.objects.create(
+            user=self.users["sec-uploader"],
+            file=SimpleUploadedFile("throttle-temp.bin", b"staged"),
+            original_filename="throttle-temp.bin",
+            md5=hashlib.md5(b"throttle-temp").hexdigest(),
+            size=6,
+        )
+        signature = signing.dumps(
+            {"temp": str(temp.id), "user": self.users["sec-uploader"].id},
+            salt=services.UPLOAD_FILE_SALT,
+        )
+        url = f"/api/uploads/{temp.id}/file/?sig={signature}"
+        codes = {self.guest.get(url).status_code for _ in range(150)}
+        self.assertEqual(codes, {200})
+
 
 class RemoteUrlTests(SecurityTestCase):
     def test_allowlist(self):

backend/apps/library/similarity.py

@@ -136,7 +136,12 @@ class SimilarityCheckViewSet(
             self.get_serializer(check).data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED
         )
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get", "head"], permission_classes=[AllowAny])
+    @action(
+        detail=True,
+        methods=["get", "head"],
+        permission_classes=[AllowAny],
+        throttle_classes=[],
+    )
     def file(self, request, pk=None):
         """Serve the temp file; accepts a signed URL like staged uploads."""
         check = None

backend/apps/library/uploads.py

@@ -381,7 +381,12 @@ class TempUploadViewSet(
                 errors.append({"temp_id": value, "error": str(exc)})
         return Response({"discarded": discarded, "errors": errors})
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get", "head"], permission_classes=[AllowAny])
+    @action(
+        detail=True,
+        methods=["get", "head"],
+        permission_classes=[AllowAny],
+        throttle_classes=[],
+    )
     def file(self, request, pk=None):
         """Serve the staged file; accepts a signed URL for media tags."""
         user = request.user if request.user.is_authenticated else None

backend/apps/library/views.py

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class MediaItemViewSet(
             return item
         return self.get_object()
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
+    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"], throttle_classes=[])
     def raw(self, request, pk=None):
         item = self._media_object(request, "raw")
         location = item.locations.first()
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class MediaItemViewSet(
             request, location.path, download=request.query_params.get("download") == "1"
         )
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
+    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"], throttle_classes=[])
     def thumbnail(self, request, pk=None):
         item = self._media_object(request, "thumbnail")
         location = item.locations.first()

backend/config/settings.py

@@ -255,6 +255,16 @@ CACHES = {
 
 # Django REST Framework
 
+# Private / tailnet-only deployments can drop the general anon+user limits
+# entirely (THROTTLE_ENABLED=false). The scoped guards below (login, register,
+# e621 proxy) and the media endpoints' own protections stay active either way.
+THROTTLE_ENABLED = os.getenv("THROTTLE_ENABLED", "true").strip().lower() not in {
+    "0",
+    "false",
+    "no",
+    "off",
+}
+
 REST_FRAMEWORK = {
     "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": [
         "rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication",
@@ -269,11 +279,18 @@ REST_FRAMEWORK = {
     ],
     "DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS": "config.pagination.StandardPagination",
     "PAGE_SIZE": 48,
-    # Per-IP/per-user rate limits (counted in the shared Redis cache).
-    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": [
+    # Per-IP/per-user rate limits (counted in the shared Redis cache). Signed
+    # media URLs are deliberately excluded at the view level: <img>/<video>
+    # tags fetch them without an Authorization header, so a library page would
+    # otherwise burn the anonymous bucket and start returning JSON 429s.
+    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": (
+        [
             "rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle",
             "rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle",
-    ],
+        ]
+        if THROTTLE_ENABLED
+        else []
+    ),
     "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
         # Generous enough for the shell polling (status every 5s, stats every 2s).
         "anon": os.getenv("THROTTLE_ANON", "120/min"),

deploy/.env.example

@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=j621root
 # THROTTLE_LOGIN=5/min
 # THROTTLE_REGISTER=20/hour
 # THROTTLE_E621_PROXY=60/hour
+# Tailnet-only / private deployments can drop the general limits entirely.
+# Signed media URLs (<img>/<video>) and the login/register/proxy guards are
+# exempt from this switch either way.
+# THROTTLE_ENABLED=false
 
 # e621 media hosts the backend may fetch from (downloads, proxies)
 # E621_MEDIA_HOSTS=static1.e621.net,static2.e621.net,static3.e621.net

deploy/README.md

@@ -164,6 +164,16 @@ does not. The desktop app's "Check for updates…" menu item reads
 `latest-linux.yml` / `latest.yml` from there (see `desktop/README.md`).
 Backend-only composes have no frontend, so no feed.
 
+The manual **CD** workflow (Actions tab) builds the desktop packages on the
+runner and attaches them plus the update metadata to the Gitea release
+`desktop-v<version>`; it does not touch the live feed, because that is
+runtime state on the deploy host and CI has no SSH key for it. After a CD run,
+publish the feed from a machine that can reach the deploy checkout:
+
+```bash
+./push_desktop.sh --no-build --local   # or without --local to also copy it
+```
+
 ## Scheduled jobs
 
 Compose files with a backend also run a **`scheduler`** service — the same

deploy/push_backend.sh

@@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ REGISTRY="gitea.rainbow-herring.ts.net/jakebreath/j621-backend"
 REGISTRY_HOST="$(printf '%s' "$REGISTRY" | cut -d/ -f1)"
 SHA="${1:-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)}"
 BUILDER=multiarch
-PLATFORMS="linux/amd64,linux/arm64"
+PLATFORMS="${PLATFORMS:-linux/amd64,linux/arm64}"
 
 echo "==> Logging in to $REGISTRY_HOST ..."
+if [ -n "${REGISTRY_USER:-}" ] && [ -n "${REGISTRY_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+    # Non-interactive login for CI (workflow passes GITHUB_TOKEN).
+    printf '%s' "$REGISTRY_TOKEN" | docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST" \
+        -u "$REGISTRY_USER" --password-stdin
+else
     docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST"
+fi
 
 if ! docker buildx inspect "$BUILDER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     echo "==> Creating buildx builder '$BUILDER' ..."

deploy/push_frontend.sh

@@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ REGISTRY="gitea.rainbow-herring.ts.net/jakebreath/j621-frontend"
 REGISTRY_HOST="$(printf '%s' "$REGISTRY" | cut -d/ -f1)"
 SHA="${1:-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)}"
 BUILDER=multiarch
-PLATFORMS="linux/amd64,linux/arm64"
+PLATFORMS="${PLATFORMS:-linux/amd64,linux/arm64}"
 
 echo "==> Logging in to $REGISTRY_HOST ..."
+if [ -n "${REGISTRY_USER:-}" ] && [ -n "${REGISTRY_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+    # Non-interactive login for CI (workflow passes GITHUB_TOKEN).
+    printf '%s' "$REGISTRY_TOKEN" | docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST" \
+        -u "$REGISTRY_USER" --password-stdin
+else
     docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST"
+fi
 
 if ! docker buildx inspect "$BUILDER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     echo "==> Creating buildx builder '$BUILDER' ..."

frontend/src/lib/e621.ts

@@ -89,18 +89,19 @@ export function effectiveCredentials(
 const GIT_HASH = typeof __GIT_HASH__ === "string" ? __GIT_HASH__ : "dev";
 const CLIENT_VERSION = `J621/${GIT_HASH} (JakeBreath)`;
 
-// e621 allows 2 requests/second hard, 1/second sustained — and the IQDB
-// endpoint is stricter, so stay comfortably under it. Serialize every request
-// through a queue with a minimum gap.
+// e621 allows 2 requests/second hard, 1/second sustained. Serialize every
+// request through a queue with a minimum gap; IQDB is throttled much harder
+// by e621, so it gets a wider gap of its own.
 let lastRequestAt = 0;
 let queue: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve();
 
 /** A hung request would block the whole serialized queue forever. */
 const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
-const REQUEST_GAP_MS = 1500;
+const REQUEST_GAP_MS = 1000;
+const IQDB_GAP_MS = 2500;
 
-/** A 429 (or a CORS-blocked failure) pauses every e621 call for a while. */
-const RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
+/** A 429 (or a CORS-blocked failure) pauses every e621 call briefly. */
+const RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = 15_000;
 const COOLDOWN_KEY = "j621.e621.cooldown";
 let cooldownUntil = 0;
 
@@ -143,10 +144,10 @@ function schedule<T>(task: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
   return run;
 }
 
-async function throttle(): Promise<void> {
+async function throttle(minGap = REQUEST_GAP_MS): Promise<void> {
   const wait = Math.max(
     0,
-    lastRequestAt + REQUEST_GAP_MS - Date.now(),
+    lastRequestAt + minGap - Date.now(),
     e621CooldownRemainingMs(),
   );
   if (wait > 0) {
@@ -168,7 +169,9 @@ export function e621Request<T>(
   options: E621RequestOptions = {},
 ): Promise<T> {
   return schedule(async () => {
-    await throttle();
+    await throttle(
+      path.includes("iqdb_queries") ? IQDB_GAP_MS : REQUEST_GAP_MS,
+    );
 
     const base = credentials.base_url.replace(/\/+$/, "");
     const url = new URL(`${base}/${path.replace(/^\/+/, "")}`);