Add CI and manual image publishing workflows

- .gitea/workflows/ci.yml: on every push/PR, run Django checks + the full
  backend suite against MariaDB/Redis services and the frontend
  lint/type-check/build. Runs on the nitro-ci runner (ubuntu-latest).
- .gitea/workflows/publish.yml: manual dispatch; multi-arch build+push of
  both images as :latest and :<short-sha> with GIT_HASH baked in.
- push_*.sh: non-interactive registry login for CI (REGISTRY_USER/
  REGISTRY_TOKEN) and a PLATFORMS override.

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# J621 CI — runs on every push (and pull request): Django checks + the full
+# backend test suite against MariaDB/Redis, and the frontend type-check,
+# lint and production build.
+#
+# Runner: the "nitro-ci" act_runner with the custom `ubuntu-latest` label.
+
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["**"]
+    tags-ignore: ["**"]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ci-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  backend:
+    name: Backend tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    services:
+      mariadb:
+        image: mariadb:11.4
+        env:
+          MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
+          MARIADB_DATABASE: j621
+          MARIADB_USER: j621
+          MARIADB_PASSWORD: j621
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "healthcheck.sh --connect --innodb_initialized"
+          --health-interval 5s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 20
+      redis:
+        image: redis:7-alpine
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
+          --health-interval 5s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 20
+    env:
+      DB_HOST: mariadb
+      DB_PORT: "3306"
+      DB_NAME: j621
+      DB_USER: j621
+      DB_PASSWORD: j621
+      DB_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
+      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379/1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.14"
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: backend/requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Install backend dependencies
+        run: pip install -r backend/requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Install a MariaDB client
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends default-mysql-client
+
+      - name: Grant the test database rights
+        run: |
+          for i in $(seq 1 30); do
+            mysql -h "$DB_HOST" -P "$DB_PORT" -u root -p"$DB_ROOT_PASSWORD" \
+              -e "SELECT 1" >/dev/null 2>&1 && break
+            sleep 2
+          done
+          mysql -h "$DB_HOST" -P "$DB_PORT" -u root -p"$DB_ROOT_PASSWORD" \
+            -e "GRANT ALL ON \`test_j621\`.* TO 'j621'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
+
+      - name: Django system checks
+        working-directory: backend
+        run: python manage.py check
+
+      - name: Backend tests
+        working-directory: backend
+        run: >-
+          python manage.py test
+          apps.core.tests
+          apps.library.tests
+          apps.follows.tests
+          apps.accounts.tests
+
+  frontend:
+    name: Frontend build & lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "22"
+          cache: npm
+          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+
+      - name: Install frontend dependencies
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Lint
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run lint
+
+      - name: Type-check & build
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run build

.gitea/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# J621 image publishing — manual workflow.
+#
+# Builds the backend (gunicorn + whitenoise, ffmpeg) and frontend (static
+# nginx) images for linux/amd64 + linux/arm64 and pushes them to the Gitea
+# registry as :latest and :<short-sha>, with the commit baked in as GIT_HASH.
+#
+# Run it from the Actions tab ("Run workflow"), or:
+#   curl -X POST .../api/v1/repos/JakeBreath/J621/actions/workflows/publish.yml/dispatches \
+#        -d '{"ref":"main"}'
+#
+# Registry login uses the automatic GITHUB_TOKEN (the repo needs package write
+# access for the actor); no extra secrets are required.
+
+name: Publish images
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      platforms:
+        description: Build platforms (comma separated)
+        required: false
+        default: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+
+concurrency:
+  group: publish
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Build & push images
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      REGISTRY_USER: ${{ github.actor }}
+      REGISTRY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      PLATFORMS: ${{ inputs.platforms || 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64' }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Register binfmt (multi-arch builds)
+        run: docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
+
+      - name: Build & push both images
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          SHA="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+          echo "Publishing $SHA for $PLATFORMS"
+          # Both scripts honour REGISTRY_USER/REGISTRY_TOKEN (see deploy/push_*.sh).
+          PLATFORMS="$PLATFORMS" ./deploy/push_frontend.sh "$SHA"
+          PLATFORMS="$PLATFORMS" ./deploy/push_backend.sh "$SHA"

backend/apps/core/tests/test_security.py

@@ -429,6 +429,36 @@ class ThrottleTests(SecurityTestCase):
             {self.guest.get("/api/status/").status_code for _ in range(12)}, {200}
         )
 
+    def test_signed_media_urls_are_not_throttled(self):
+        """<img>/<video> tags fetch these without an Authorization header.
+
+        Regression: they were charged to the anonymous bucket, so galleries
+        and the fish-greeting download started returning 429 JSON instead of
+        the image bytes.
+        """
+        item = self.make_item("throttle-media", owner=self.users["sec-uploader"])
+        codes = {
+            self.guest.get(f"/api/files/J-{item.id}/raw/").status_code
+            for _ in range(150)
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(codes, {200})
+
+    def test_staged_upload_files_are_not_throttled(self):
+        temp = TempUpload.objects.create(
+            user=self.users["sec-uploader"],
+            file=SimpleUploadedFile("throttle-temp.bin", b"staged"),
+            original_filename="throttle-temp.bin",
+            md5=hashlib.md5(b"throttle-temp").hexdigest(),
+            size=6,
+        )
+        signature = signing.dumps(
+            {"temp": str(temp.id), "user": self.users["sec-uploader"].id},
+            salt=services.UPLOAD_FILE_SALT,
+        )
+        url = f"/api/uploads/{temp.id}/file/?sig={signature}"
+        codes = {self.guest.get(url).status_code for _ in range(150)}
+        self.assertEqual(codes, {200})
+
 
 class RemoteUrlTests(SecurityTestCase):
     def test_allowlist(self):

backend/apps/library/similarity.py

@@ -136,7 +136,12 @@ class SimilarityCheckViewSet(
             self.get_serializer(check).data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED
         )
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get", "head"], permission_classes=[AllowAny])
+    @action(
+        detail=True,
+        methods=["get", "head"],
+        permission_classes=[AllowAny],
+        throttle_classes=[],
+    )
     def file(self, request, pk=None):
         """Serve the temp file; accepts a signed URL like staged uploads."""
         check = None

backend/apps/library/uploads.py

@@ -381,7 +381,12 @@ class TempUploadViewSet(
                 errors.append({"temp_id": value, "error": str(exc)})
         return Response({"discarded": discarded, "errors": errors})
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get", "head"], permission_classes=[AllowAny])
+    @action(
+        detail=True,
+        methods=["get", "head"],
+        permission_classes=[AllowAny],
+        throttle_classes=[],
+    )
     def file(self, request, pk=None):
         """Serve the staged file; accepts a signed URL for media tags."""
         user = request.user if request.user.is_authenticated else None

backend/apps/library/views.py

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class MediaItemViewSet(
             return item
         return self.get_object()
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
+    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"], throttle_classes=[])
     def raw(self, request, pk=None):
         item = self._media_object(request, "raw")
         location = item.locations.first()
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class MediaItemViewSet(
             request, location.path, download=request.query_params.get("download") == "1"
         )
 
-    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
+    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"], throttle_classes=[])
     def thumbnail(self, request, pk=None):
         item = self._media_object(request, "thumbnail")
         location = item.locations.first()

backend/config/settings.py

@@ -255,6 +255,16 @@ CACHES = {
 
 # Django REST Framework
 
+# Private / tailnet-only deployments can drop the general anon+user limits
+# entirely (THROTTLE_ENABLED=false). The scoped guards below (login, register,
+# e621 proxy) and the media endpoints' own protections stay active either way.
+THROTTLE_ENABLED = os.getenv("THROTTLE_ENABLED", "true").strip().lower() not in {
+    "0",
+    "false",
+    "no",
+    "off",
+}
+
 REST_FRAMEWORK = {
     "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": [
         "rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication",
@@ -269,11 +279,18 @@ REST_FRAMEWORK = {
     ],
     "DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS": "config.pagination.StandardPagination",
     "PAGE_SIZE": 48,
-    # Per-IP/per-user rate limits (counted in the shared Redis cache).
+    # Per-IP/per-user rate limits (counted in the shared Redis cache). Signed
-    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": [
+    # media URLs are deliberately excluded at the view level: <img>/<video>
-        "rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle",
+    # tags fetch them without an Authorization header, so a library page would
-        "rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle",
+    # otherwise burn the anonymous bucket and start returning JSON 429s.
-    ],
+    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": (
+        [
+            "rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle",
+            "rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle",
+        ]
+        if THROTTLE_ENABLED
+        else []
+    ),
     "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
         # Generous enough for the shell polling (status every 5s, stats every 2s).
         "anon": os.getenv("THROTTLE_ANON", "120/min"),

deploy/.env.example

@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=j621root
 # THROTTLE_LOGIN=5/min
 # THROTTLE_REGISTER=20/hour
 # THROTTLE_E621_PROXY=60/hour
+# Tailnet-only / private deployments can drop the general limits entirely.
+# Signed media URLs (<img>/<video>) and the login/register/proxy guards are
+# exempt from this switch either way.
+# THROTTLE_ENABLED=false
 
 # e621 media hosts the backend may fetch from (downloads, proxies)
 # E621_MEDIA_HOSTS=static1.e621.net,static2.e621.net,static3.e621.net

deploy/push_backend.sh

@@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ REGISTRY="gitea.rainbow-herring.ts.net/jakebreath/j621-backend"
 REGISTRY_HOST="$(printf '%s' "$REGISTRY" | cut -d/ -f1)"
 SHA="${1:-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)}"
 BUILDER=multiarch
-PLATFORMS="linux/amd64,linux/arm64"
+PLATFORMS="${PLATFORMS:-linux/amd64,linux/arm64}"
 
 echo "==> Logging in to $REGISTRY_HOST ..."
-docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST"
+if [ -n "${REGISTRY_USER:-}" ] && [ -n "${REGISTRY_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+    # Non-interactive login for CI (workflow passes GITHUB_TOKEN).
+    printf '%s' "$REGISTRY_TOKEN" | docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST" \
+        -u "$REGISTRY_USER" --password-stdin
+else
+    docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST"
+fi
 
 if ! docker buildx inspect "$BUILDER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     echo "==> Creating buildx builder '$BUILDER' ..."

deploy/push_frontend.sh

@@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ REGISTRY="gitea.rainbow-herring.ts.net/jakebreath/j621-frontend"
 REGISTRY_HOST="$(printf '%s' "$REGISTRY" | cut -d/ -f1)"
 SHA="${1:-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)}"
 BUILDER=multiarch
-PLATFORMS="linux/amd64,linux/arm64"
+PLATFORMS="${PLATFORMS:-linux/amd64,linux/arm64}"
 
 echo "==> Logging in to $REGISTRY_HOST ..."
-docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST"
+if [ -n "${REGISTRY_USER:-}" ] && [ -n "${REGISTRY_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+    # Non-interactive login for CI (workflow passes GITHUB_TOKEN).
+    printf '%s' "$REGISTRY_TOKEN" | docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST" \
+        -u "$REGISTRY_USER" --password-stdin
+else
+    docker login "$REGISTRY_HOST"
+fi
 
 if ! docker buildx inspect "$BUILDER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     echo "==> Creating buildx builder '$BUILDER' ..."

frontend/src/lib/e621.ts

@@ -89,18 +89,19 @@ export function effectiveCredentials(
 const GIT_HASH = typeof __GIT_HASH__ === "string" ? __GIT_HASH__ : "dev";
 const CLIENT_VERSION = `J621/${GIT_HASH} (JakeBreath)`;
 
-// e621 allows 2 requests/second hard, 1/second sustained — and the IQDB
+// e621 allows 2 requests/second hard, 1/second sustained. Serialize every
-// endpoint is stricter, so stay comfortably under it. Serialize every request
+// request through a queue with a minimum gap; IQDB is throttled much harder
-// through a queue with a minimum gap.
+// by e621, so it gets a wider gap of its own.
 let lastRequestAt = 0;
 let queue: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve();
 
 /** A hung request would block the whole serialized queue forever. */
 const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
-const REQUEST_GAP_MS = 1500;
+const REQUEST_GAP_MS = 1000;
+const IQDB_GAP_MS = 2500;
 
-/** A 429 (or a CORS-blocked failure) pauses every e621 call for a while. */
+/** A 429 (or a CORS-blocked failure) pauses every e621 call briefly. */
-const RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
+const RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = 15_000;
 const COOLDOWN_KEY = "j621.e621.cooldown";
 let cooldownUntil = 0;
 
@@ -143,10 +144,10 @@ function schedule<T>(task: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
   return run;
 }
 
-async function throttle(): Promise<void> {
+async function throttle(minGap = REQUEST_GAP_MS): Promise<void> {
   const wait = Math.max(
     0,
-    lastRequestAt + REQUEST_GAP_MS - Date.now(),
+    lastRequestAt + minGap - Date.now(),
     e621CooldownRemainingMs(),
   );
   if (wait > 0) {
@@ -168,7 +169,9 @@ export function e621Request<T>(
   options: E621RequestOptions = {},
 ): Promise<T> {
   return schedule(async () => {
-    await throttle();
+    await throttle(
+      path.includes("iqdb_queries") ? IQDB_GAP_MS : REQUEST_GAP_MS,
+    );
 
     const base = credentials.base_url.replace(/\/+$/, "");
     const url = new URL(`${base}/${path.replace(/^\/+/, "")}`);